DFDL AI Disputes Series II: Post-Deployment Risk Across Eight Jurisdictions

Building on the foundations established in our inaugural publication, DFDL AI Disputes Series I, which examined liability frameworks, causation challenges, and contractual risk allocation in the absence of dedicated AI legislation, DFDL is pleased to announce the release of AI Disputes Series II: Post-Deployment Risk in a Pre-Legislative Landscape.

As artificial intelligence moves from development into active commercial deployment, the legal questions confronting practitioners and their clients are evolving rapidly. Series II addresses the disputes and regulatory exposures that arise once AI systems are in operation, delivering a rigorous, jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction analysis across the eight markets in which DFDL practises.

The publication tackles the most pressing post-deployment issues of the moment, including:

• Copyright in AI-generated output — a landmark theme of Series II, with the analysis confirming that purely AI-generated output generally attracts no copyright protection across all eight jurisdictions, while clarifying that meaningful human creative contribution can anchor authorship claims under existing copyright frameworks;
• Data protection and training-data risk — examining exposure arising from the datasets on which AI systems are trained and the regulatory obligations that attach to their use;
• Deepfakes and reputational harm — assessing the civil and regulatory remedies available to individuals and businesses targeted by AI-generated synthetic media;
• Intellectual property exposure — mapping the broader IP risks that accompany AI-assisted creation and commercialisation;
• Offshore vendor regulation — addressing the legal complexities that arise when AI services are procured from vendors operating across jurisdictional boundaries; and
• Cross-border enforcement — considering the practical challenges of pursuing or defending AI-related claims in multi-jurisdictional settings.

Taken together, Series I and Series II form a comprehensive reference tool for legal practitioners advising clients on AI risk in markets where bespoke AI legislation has yet to materialise. In the continuing absence of dedicated regulatory frameworks, both publications are designed to equip counsel with the jurisdiction-specific analysis needed to navigate liability, manage compliance exposure, and structure commercial arrangements with confidence.

DFDL AI Disputes Series II is available now. We invite you to read Series I here as essential context for the analysis that follows.

Download the full Publication for further details.